https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Iceagefarmer Ice Age Farmer Wiki - User contributions [en] 2026-05-15T20:25:13Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.29.0 https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=History&diff=1536 History 2021-02-18T08:49:58Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Learning from the past.<br /> <br /> Much of this can be described by the [[Grand Solar Minimum Symptoms]].<br /> <br /> =Younger Dryas=<br /> The [[Younger Dryas]] is one of the best known examples of abrupt climate change. See [[Younger Dryas]].<br /> <br /> =Previous Minima=<br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/imgs/Wolf-Sporer-Maunder-Dalton-485x430.png<br /> ==Asian cycles (4th-16th Centuries)==<br /> Goncharov, in an abstract on the “Asian Nomadic Invasions and Solar Cycles”, said,<br /> “From the 4th to the 16th centuries the Central Asian Steppe was the cradle of the series of great nomadic tribal invasions into agricultural regions of Europe, China, and South Asia. Those invasions had similar features. They arose in middle latitudes and recurred every 160-220 years – exactly after solar abatements.”<br /> <br /> ==Wolf Minimum (1280-1350) ==<br /> <br /> ===Dobler&#039;s Abrupt Earth Changes and the Black Plague ===<br /> <br /> Sacha Dobler from [http://abruptearthchanges.com abruptearthchanges.com]&#039;s eBook offers fantastic perspective here:<br /> <br /> * [https://abruptearthchanges.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/8-8-2017-updated-black-death-and-abrupt-earth-changes.pdf Black Death &amp; Abrupt Earth Changes in the 14th Century]: 1290-1350: Abrupt Earth changes, astronomical, tectonic and meteorological events leading up to and culminating at the Black Death period at 1348<br /> <br /> ===The Great Mandrake===<br /> <br /> * [[The Great Mandrake]]<br /> <br /> ===Great Famine of 1315-1317===<br /> <br /> via [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%9317 wikipedia]:<br /> In the spring of 1315, unusually heavy rain began in much of Europe. Throughout the spring and the summer, it continued to rain, and the temperature remained cool. Under such conditions, grain could not ripen, leading to widespread crop failures. Grain was brought indoors in urns and pots to keep dry. The straw and hay for the animals could not be cured, so there was no fodder for the livestock. The price of food began to rise; prices in England doubled between spring and midsummer. Salt, the only way to cure and preserve meat, was difficult to obtain because brine could not be effectively evaporated in wet weather; its price increased from 30 shillings to 40 shillings. In Lorraine, wheat prices grew by 320% making bread unaffordable to peasants. Stores of grain for long-term emergencies were limited to royalty, lords, nobles, wealthy merchants and the Church. Because of the general increased population pressures, even lower-than-average harvests meant some people would go hungry; there was little margin for failure. People began to harvest wild edible roots, plants, grasses, nuts and bark in the forests.<br /> <br /> A number of documented incidents show the extent of the famine. Edward II, King of England, stopped at St Albans on 10 August 1315 and had difficulty finding bread for himself and his entourage; it was a rare occasion in which the King of England was unable to eat. The French, under Louis X, tried to invade Flanders, but in the low country of the Netherlands, the fields were soaked and the army became so bogged down that they were forced to retreat, burning their provisions where they left them, unable to carry them away.<br /> <br /> In the spring of 1316, it continued to rain on a European population deprived of energy and reserves to sustain itself. All segments of society from nobles to peasants were affected but especially the peasants, who represented 95% of the population and who had no reserve food supplies.[9] To provide some measure of relief, the future was mortgaged by slaughtering the draft animals, eating the seed grain, abandoning children to fend for themselves (see &quot;Hansel and Gretel&quot;) and, among old people, voluntarily refusing food for the younger generation to survive.[9] The chroniclers of the time noted many incidents of cannibalism.<br /> <br /> The height of the famine was reached in 1317, as the wet weather continued. Finally, in that summer, the weather returned to its normal patterns. By then, however, people were so weakened by diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis and tuberculosis, and so much of the seed stock had been eaten, that it was not until 1325 that the food supply returned to relatively normal levels and the population began to increase again. Historians debate the toll, but it is estimated that 10–25% of the population of many cities and towns died.[2] Though the Black Death (1338–1375) would kill more people, it often swept through an area in a matter of months, whereas the Great Famine lingered for years, prolonging the suffering of the populace.<br /> <br /> The Great Famine was restricted to Northern Europe, including the British Isles, northern France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, Germany, and western Poland.[10] It also affected some of the Baltic states except for the far eastern Baltic, which was affected only indirectly. The famine was bounded to the south by the Alps and the Pyrenees.<br /> <br /> ==Spörer Minimum (1450-1550)==<br /> ===Colds, Crop Losses, Food Prices, Epidemics (English Sweats)===<br /> * [[History: Spörer Minimum (1450-1550)]]<br /> ===The Early Sporer Minimum: Extraordinary Climate &amp; Socio-economic Changes in Europe===<br /> * [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kathrin_Keller2/publication/294085842_The_early_Sporer_Minimum_-_a_period_of_extraordinary_climate_and_socio-economic_changes_in_Western_and_Central_Europe/links/56bd8e5308ae9ca20a4dcb08.pdf?origin=publication_detail this]: The Early Sporer Minimum: A Period of Extraordinary Climate and Socio-economic Changes in Western and Central Europe<br /> <br /> ==Maunder Minimum (1645-1715)==<br /> <br /> In the years 1694 to early 1697, cold winters and cool and wet springs and autumns led to extreme famine in northern Europe, particularly in Finland, Estonia, and Livonia. It is estimated that in Finland about 25–33% of the population perished, and in Estonia-Livonia about 20%. The famines to a lesser extent also affected Sweden (especially in the northern region), Norway, and northwestern Russia. The famine decimated the population of Finland and Estonia-Livonia either through prolonged starvation, epidemics and other diseases promoted by undernourishment, or the reliance on unwholesome or indigestible foods, and the contamination of water supplies. In Estonia in 1696, landlords could no longer feed their farmhands and servants and began dismissing them. Many of these recently unemployed along with destitute, hungry peasants turned to begging. Even some members of the nobility were reduced to this state. In the autumn of 1696, the famine became terrible. There was a pronounced rise in the death rates. ‘The peasants died like flies.’ Bodies of the dead were lying everywhere.<br /> <br /> * More: [[History: Extreme Weather during the Maunder Minimum]]<br /> <br /> See also: <br /> ===Europe&#039;s Deep Freeze of 1709===<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190925163310/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2017/01-02/1709-deep-freeze-europe-winter/ Winter is Coming: Europe&#039;s Deep Freeze of 1709]<br /> * [https://climatechangedispatch.com/uk-over-8000-people-killed-in-an-extreme-storm-that-lasted-nine-days-in-1703/ UK: Over 8,000 People Killed In An Extreme Storm That Lasted Nine Days (In 1703)]<br /> <br /> ==Dalton Minimum (1790-1820) ==<br /> ===Lewis &amp; Clarke: Cold, Wind, Hail, Crop Loss, ...===<br /> * [[History: Weather Records from Lewis &amp; Clarke, during Dalton Minimum]] (1805-1806)<br /> ===John Adams===<br /> During the late 1700s, the ground froze to a depth of 2 feet according to John Adams. When John Adams set out to travel to Philadelphia, it was bitterly cold and there was a foot or more of snow that covered the landscape that had blanketed Massachusetts from one end of the province to the other. Beneath the snow, after weeks of severe cold, the ground was frozen solid to a depth of two feet. Packed ice in the road made the journey very hazardous. In a letter to his wife, John Adams wrote:<br /> <br /> “Indeed I feel not a little out of Humour, from Indisposition of Body. You know, I cannot pass a Spring, or fall, without an ill Turn — and I have had one these four or five Weeks — a Cold, as usual. Warm Weather, and a little Exercise, with a little Medicine, I suppose will cure me as usual. … Posterity! You will never know, how much it cost the present Generation, to preserve your Freedom! I hope you will make a good Use of it. If you do not, I shall repent in Heaven, that I ever took half the Pains to preserve it.”<br /> <br /> ===Thomas Jefferson===<br /> Thomas Jefferson himself noted in a letter to Albert Gallatin, September 8, 1816:<br /> <br /> “We have had the most extraordinary year of drought and cold ever known in the history of America. In June, instead of 3¾ inches, our average of rain for that month, we had only 1/3 of an inch; in August, instead of 9 1/6 inches our average, we had only 8/10 of an inch; and it still continues. The summer too has been as cold as a moderate winter. In every state North of this there has been frost in every month of the year; in this state we had none in June and July but those of August killed much corn over the mountains. The crop of corn through the Atlantic states will probably be less than 1/3 of an ordinary one, that of tobacco still less, and of mean quality.”<br /> <br /> https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/world-news/climate/the-coming-big-freeze/<br /> <br /> ===1815 Mt Tambora Eruption / 1816 Year without a Summer===<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora 1815 eruption of Mt Tambora] preceded the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer 1816 Year Without a Summer]<br /> <br /> See this video:<br /> http://youtu.be/bB3Jx0N9mWo<br /> <br /> Also a tremendous amount of information here:<br /> https://ia600700.us.archive.org/19/items/yearwithoutsumme1992hari/yearwithoutsumme1992hari.pdf (PDF, 594 pages - large file)<br /> <br /> =Weather History=<br /> <br /> * [[Weather Records]]<br /> * [http://flcitrusmutual.com/industry-issues/weather/freeze_timeline.aspx Florida Freeze Timeline]<br /> <br /> * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/207470 The &quot;Old-Fashioned&quot; Winter of 1917-18]<br /> <br /> http://i1.wp.com/www.powerlineblog.com/ed-assets/2016/06/climate-civilization-gisp-chart.png<br /> <br /> * [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic5-3-134.pdf The Ice Age in the North American Arctic]<br /> [[Category:History]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=History&diff=1535 History 2021-02-18T07:04:41Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Learning from the past.<br /> <br /> Much of this can be described by the [[Grand Solar Minimum Symptoms]].<br /> <br /> =Younger Dryas=<br /> The [[Younger Dryas]] is one of the best known examples of abrupt climate change. See [[Younger Dryas]].<br /> <br /> =Previous Minima=<br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/imgs/Wolf-Sporer-Maunder-Dalton-485x430.png<br /> ==Asian cycles (4th-16th Centuries)==<br /> Goncharov, in an abstract on the “Asian Nomadic Invasions and Solar Cycles”, said,<br /> “From the 4th to the 16th centuries the Central Asian Steppe was the cradle of the series of great nomadic tribal invasions into agricultural regions of Europe, China, and South Asia. Those invasions had similar features. They arose in middle latitudes and recurred every 160-220 years – exactly after solar abatements.”<br /> <br /> ==Wolf Minimum (1280-1350) ==<br /> <br /> ===Dobler&#039;s Abrupt Earth Changes and the Black Plague ===<br /> <br /> Sacha Dobler from [http://abruptearthchanges.com abruptearthchanges.com]&#039;s eBook offers fantastic perspective here:<br /> <br /> * [https://abruptearthchanges.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/8-8-2017-updated-black-death-and-abrupt-earth-changes.pdf Black Death &amp; Abrupt Earth Changes in the 14th Century]: 1290-1350: Abrupt Earth changes, astronomical, tectonic and meteorological events leading up to and culminating at the Black Death period at 1348<br /> <br /> ===The Great Mandrake===<br /> <br /> * [[The Great Mandrake]]<br /> <br /> ===Great Famine of 1315-1317===<br /> <br /> via [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%9317 wikipedia]:<br /> In the spring of 1315, unusually heavy rain began in much of Europe. Throughout the spring and the summer, it continued to rain, and the temperature remained cool. Under such conditions, grain could not ripen, leading to widespread crop failures. Grain was brought indoors in urns and pots to keep dry. The straw and hay for the animals could not be cured, so there was no fodder for the livestock. The price of food began to rise; prices in England doubled between spring and midsummer. Salt, the only way to cure and preserve meat, was difficult to obtain because brine could not be effectively evaporated in wet weather; its price increased from 30 shillings to 40 shillings. In Lorraine, wheat prices grew by 320% making bread unaffordable to peasants. Stores of grain for long-term emergencies were limited to royalty, lords, nobles, wealthy merchants and the Church. Because of the general increased population pressures, even lower-than-average harvests meant some people would go hungry; there was little margin for failure. People began to harvest wild edible roots, plants, grasses, nuts and bark in the forests.<br /> <br /> A number of documented incidents show the extent of the famine. Edward II, King of England, stopped at St Albans on 10 August 1315 and had difficulty finding bread for himself and his entourage; it was a rare occasion in which the King of England was unable to eat. The French, under Louis X, tried to invade Flanders, but in the low country of the Netherlands, the fields were soaked and the army became so bogged down that they were forced to retreat, burning their provisions where they left them, unable to carry them away.<br /> <br /> In the spring of 1316, it continued to rain on a European population deprived of energy and reserves to sustain itself. All segments of society from nobles to peasants were affected but especially the peasants, who represented 95% of the population and who had no reserve food supplies.[9] To provide some measure of relief, the future was mortgaged by slaughtering the draft animals, eating the seed grain, abandoning children to fend for themselves (see &quot;Hansel and Gretel&quot;) and, among old people, voluntarily refusing food for the younger generation to survive.[9] The chroniclers of the time noted many incidents of cannibalism.<br /> <br /> The height of the famine was reached in 1317, as the wet weather continued. Finally, in that summer, the weather returned to its normal patterns. By then, however, people were so weakened by diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis and tuberculosis, and so much of the seed stock had been eaten, that it was not until 1325 that the food supply returned to relatively normal levels and the population began to increase again. Historians debate the toll, but it is estimated that 10–25% of the population of many cities and towns died.[2] Though the Black Death (1338–1375) would kill more people, it often swept through an area in a matter of months, whereas the Great Famine lingered for years, prolonging the suffering of the populace.<br /> <br /> The Great Famine was restricted to Northern Europe, including the British Isles, northern France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, Germany, and western Poland.[10] It also affected some of the Baltic states except for the far eastern Baltic, which was affected only indirectly. The famine was bounded to the south by the Alps and the Pyrenees.<br /> <br /> ==Spörer Minimum (1450-1550)==<br /> ===Colds, Crop Losses, Food Prices, Epidemics (English Sweats)===<br /> * [[History: Spörer Minimum (1450-1550)]]<br /> ===The Early Sporer Minimum: Extraordinary Climate &amp; Socio-economic Changes in Europe===<br /> * [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kathrin_Keller2/publication/294085842_The_early_Sporer_Minimum_-_a_period_of_extraordinary_climate_and_socio-economic_changes_in_Western_and_Central_Europe/links/56bd8e5308ae9ca20a4dcb08.pdf?origin=publication_detail this]: The Early Sporer Minimum: A Period of Extraordinary Climate and Socio-economic Changes in Western and Central Europe<br /> <br /> ==Maunder Minimum (1645-1715)==<br /> <br /> In the years 1694 to early 1697, cold winters and cool and wet springs and autumns led to extreme famine in northern Europe, particularly in Finland, Estonia, and Livonia. It is estimated that in Finland about 25–33% of the population perished, and in Estonia-Livonia about 20%. The famines to a lesser extent also affected Sweden (especially in the northern region), Norway, and northwestern Russia. The famine decimated the population of Finland and Estonia-Livonia either through prolonged starvation, epidemics and other diseases promoted by undernourishment, or the reliance on unwholesome or indigestible foods, and the contamination of water supplies. In Estonia in 1696, landlords could no longer feed their farmhands and servants and began dismissing them. Many of these recently unemployed along with destitute, hungry peasants turned to begging. Even some members of the nobility were reduced to this state. In the autumn of 1696, the famine became terrible. There was a pronounced rise in the death rates. ‘The peasants died like flies.’ Bodies of the dead were lying everywhere.<br /> <br /> * More: [[History: Extreme Weather during the Maunder Minimum]]<br /> <br /> See also: <br /> ===Europe&#039;s Deep Freeze of 1709===<br /> * [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2017/01-02/1709-deep-freeze-europe-winter/ Winter is Coming: Europe&#039;s Deep Freeze of 1709]<br /> * [https://climatechangedispatch.com/uk-over-8000-people-killed-in-an-extreme-storm-that-lasted-nine-days-in-1703/ UK: Over 8,000 People Killed In An Extreme Storm That Lasted Nine Days (In 1703)]<br /> <br /> ==Dalton Minimum (1790-1820) ==<br /> ===Lewis &amp; Clarke: Cold, Wind, Hail, Crop Loss, ...===<br /> * [[History: Weather Records from Lewis &amp; Clarke, during Dalton Minimum]] (1805-1806)<br /> ===John Adams===<br /> During the late 1700s, the ground froze to a depth of 2 feet according to John Adams. When John Adams set out to travel to Philadelphia, it was bitterly cold and there was a foot or more of snow that covered the landscape that had blanketed Massachusetts from one end of the province to the other. Beneath the snow, after weeks of severe cold, the ground was frozen solid to a depth of two feet. Packed ice in the road made the journey very hazardous. In a letter to his wife, John Adams wrote:<br /> <br /> “Indeed I feel not a little out of Humour, from Indisposition of Body. You know, I cannot pass a Spring, or fall, without an ill Turn — and I have had one these four or five Weeks — a Cold, as usual. Warm Weather, and a little Exercise, with a little Medicine, I suppose will cure me as usual. … Posterity! You will never know, how much it cost the present Generation, to preserve your Freedom! I hope you will make a good Use of it. If you do not, I shall repent in Heaven, that I ever took half the Pains to preserve it.”<br /> <br /> ===Thomas Jefferson===<br /> Thomas Jefferson himself noted in a letter to Albert Gallatin, September 8, 1816:<br /> <br /> “We have had the most extraordinary year of drought and cold ever known in the history of America. In June, instead of 3¾ inches, our average of rain for that month, we had only 1/3 of an inch; in August, instead of 9 1/6 inches our average, we had only 8/10 of an inch; and it still continues. The summer too has been as cold as a moderate winter. In every state North of this there has been frost in every month of the year; in this state we had none in June and July but those of August killed much corn over the mountains. The crop of corn through the Atlantic states will probably be less than 1/3 of an ordinary one, that of tobacco still less, and of mean quality.”<br /> <br /> https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/world-news/climate/the-coming-big-freeze/<br /> <br /> ===1815 Mt Tambora Eruption / 1816 Year without a Summer===<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora 1815 eruption of Mt Tambora] preceded the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer 1816 Year Without a Summer]<br /> <br /> See this video:<br /> http://youtu.be/bB3Jx0N9mWo<br /> <br /> Also a tremendous amount of information here:<br /> https://ia600700.us.archive.org/19/items/yearwithoutsumme1992hari/yearwithoutsumme1992hari.pdf (PDF, 594 pages - large file)<br /> <br /> =Weather History=<br /> <br /> * [[Weather Records]]<br /> * [http://flcitrusmutual.com/industry-issues/weather/freeze_timeline.aspx Florida Freeze Timeline]<br /> <br /> * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/207470 The &quot;Old-Fashioned&quot; Winter of 1917-18]<br /> <br /> http://i1.wp.com/www.powerlineblog.com/ed-assets/2016/06/climate-civilization-gisp-chart.png<br /> <br /> * [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic5-3-134.pdf The Ice Age in the North American Arctic]<br /> [[Category:History]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Sorghum&diff=1534 Sorghum 2021-02-05T05:38:06Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Sorghum is native to Africa, and the grain feeds up to a half billion people each year. Sorghum is grown in more than 30 different countries. It is more popular in the Southern U.S. than in the North, because sorghum thrives in heat. Sorghum has a bright future in the U.S.; it has recently increased in popularity because it is a gluten-free grain that can be made into flour and porridge. Some sorghum varieties have been bred for grain, others for syrup. Finally, grass sorghum is a fodder crop for livestock. <br /> <br /> =History=<br /> Sorghum originated in Africa and was brought to the U.S. by African slaves. Sorghum was popular in the Southern U.S. with homesteaders who pressed the stalks into a sweet syrup similar to maple syrup or molasses. Sorghum syrup was a dietary staple in the American South until the 1950s. Seed Starting--Sow seeds directly into soil three to four weeks after the last frost date or when soil has warmed up to 60-65 degrees consistently. Sow seeds one inch apart; thin to four to six inches apart in the rows. <br /> <br /> =How to Grow=<br /> Straw mulch can be used, but sorghum grows quickly and usually shades out and out-competes weeds. Sorghum is drought tolerant, but if leaves begin to curl in super dry conditions, give them a drink. This is a carefree plant; it does not take much except heat to thrive. Expect your plants to grow from eight to twelve feet high. <br /> <br /> Sorghum demands hot summer weather. Northern growers should try Red’s Red sorghum; it’s a short season variety and will usually mature even in the North. <br /> <br /> =Seed Saving=<br /> Sorghum is wind-pollinated, but it will not cross with anything except other sorghum varieties. It is wise to grow just one variety a year to avoid contamination; otherwise, caging techniques can be employed to avoid crossing varieties. Allow seeds to dry on the plants. They can be hand picked or you can cut the flower head off , place in a bag and hit with a rubber mallet or stomp on it to release the seeds from the chaff . Seeds will remain viable for up to 5 years.</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Sorghum&diff=1533 Sorghum 2021-02-05T05:37:43Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;Sorghum is one of Africa’s greatest contributions to the world’s agricultural diversity, and is a traditional crop in the South. Adaptable and drought tolerant, sorghum va...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Sorghum is one of Africa’s greatest contributions to the world’s agricultural diversity, and is a traditional crop in the South. Adaptable and drought tolerant, sorghum varieties exist that provide grain, sweet syrup, animal fodder, or sometimes, more than one crop from a single planting! The main requirement for sorghum is heat—plant the seeds about ½” deep a couple of weeks after spring frosts are over and soil is really warm. Ordinary garden soil and moisture are sufficient to get a crop, although sorghum may be more productive under better conditions. Seeds are ripe at about the same time as sugar content of the stalks reaches maximum.<br /> <br /> <br /> Sorghum is native to Africa, and the grain feeds up to a half billion people each year. Sorghum is grown in more than 30 different countries. It is more popular in the Southern U.S. than in the North, because sorghum thrives in heat. Sorghum has a bright future in the U.S.; it has recently increased in popularity because it is a gluten-free grain that can be made into flour and porridge. Some sorghum varieties have been bred for grain, others for syrup. Finally, grass sorghum is a fodder crop for livestock. History--Sorghum originated in Africa and was brought to the U.S. by African slaves. Sorghum was popular in the Southern U.S. with homesteaders who pressed the stalks into a sweet syrup similar to maple syrup or molasses. Sorghum syrup was a dietary staple in the American South until the 1950s. Seed Starting--Sow seeds directly into soil three to four weeks after the last frost date or when soil has warmed up to 60-65 degrees consistently. Sow seeds one inch apart; thin to four to six inches apart in the rows. <br /> <br /> =How to Grow=<br /> Straw mulch can be used, but sorghum grows quickly and usually shades out and out-competes weeds. Sorghum is drought tolerant, but if leaves begin to curl in super dry conditions, give them a drink. This is a carefree plant; it does not take much except heat to thrive. Expect your plants to grow from eight to twelve feet high. <br /> <br /> Sorghum demands hot summer weather. Northern growers should try Red’s Red sorghum; it’s a short season variety and will usually mature even in the North. <br /> <br /> =Seed Saving=<br /> Sorghum is wind-pollinated, but it will not cross with anything except other sorghum varieties. It is wise to grow just one variety a year to avoid contamination; otherwise, caging techniques can be employed to avoid crossing varieties. Allow seeds to dry on the plants. They can be hand picked or you can cut the flower head off , place in a bag and hit with a rubber mallet or stomp on it to release the seeds from the chaff . Seeds will remain viable for up to 5 years.</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Chicken_Feed&diff=1532 Chicken Feed 2021-01-26T22:07:30Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>In some places, “chicken feed” is an old slang term meaning “cheap.” That certainly isn’t true today—especially for those of you who feed an organic, soy-free, and corn-free formula to your precious flock. While working for chicken feed may not seem like a good trade-off for you, starting small is the best way to know if growing your own feed is right for you and your flock.<br /> <br /> This does not mean becoming a grain farmer. Forget about rows of waving grain, harvesting, threshing, and storing. Do it the easy way: Do it one step at a time and set up systems that require minimal labor.<br /> <br /> ==Plant Seeds of Change==<br /> If you are using cover crops in your garden, you can actually save work and money—just by choosing seed that is chicken friendly. Many gardeners and homesteaders prefer to keep the flock out of the garden most of the time. But, when winter cover crops are ready to be tilled in (or mowed down for no-till cultivation), the chickens can process that ground for you.<br /> <br /> They love doing this work because they eat like little kings and queens! They will also clean up any pests. Any permanent plantings or crops that are still in the ground can be protected from the chickens with row cover or bird netting. So, while the chickens clean and manure the garden, they are getting fresh grains, legumes, greens, and protein.<br /> <br /> When planting time comes, just rake the area smooth, add a layer of finished compost, and you are ready to plant. The layer of finished compost covers the raw manure just enough to keep it from splashing up onto the spring crops and keeps any manure just below the top surface where microbes can process it into nutrients for the plants. This system mimics nature and optimizes the health of your garden ecosystem.<br /> <br /> Feeding a Grain Diet? Read This: “Ferment Your Feed for Healthier and Happier Chickens”<br /> <br /> ==Improving Your Pasture (or Run)==<br /> While your chickens are busy preparing the vegetable garden for spring planting, you can start another tasty surprise for them in their pasture or in the greenhouse. A chicken pasture can be created from any unused lawn area or weedy meadow. If you don’t have the extra space to create a chicken pasture, an ordinary chicken run can be improved using these same techniques.<br /> <br /> First, cover the area with any organic material you can find—cover all exposed ground with wood chips, hay, spent crops, etc. This layer of organic material keeps bare ground covered and creates a base for recycling manure. Keeping the surface moist as it breaks down attracts more insects for the chickens to eat, and preserves beneficial microbes and nutrients in the finished compost.<br /> <br /> A mulched surface is healthier for the flock, is better to walk on for people tending the chickens, and prevents valuable manure from drying out and blowing away. Consider, too, that a barren, empty chicken run is a haven for neurotic behavior in the flock. Busy chickens are happy chickens, and when there are bugs to catch or prize morsels to scratch up, pecking a hole in a neighbor’s head becomes a lot less interesting—it’s simple chicken nature.<br /> <br /> ==Growing Chicken Feed==<br /> Create small patches of seeded forage, protected by a length of fencing that is wired into a circle. Remove the fence when the plants are ready for use as fodder. A height of 4 to 6 inches of growth is optimal for maximum health benefits.<br /> <br /> The seed mix you use can be varied according to the season. This system is perfect for small flocks, because the fodder will be consumed before it becomes overly mature. This system is also helpful for those with a large pasture, because you can test different seed before you commit to planting your entire pasture with it—which can be costly.<br /> <br /> If your chickens are as silly as mine are, a test is always a good idea.<br /> <br /> ==Growing Chicken Feed Indoors==<br /> If you have a greenhouse or a cold frame, flats of fresh fodder can be started every two weeks for a steady supply of fresh greens any time of year.<br /> <br /> Garden centers have begun to sell small trays of chicken fodder as treats for pampered backyard chickens in urban areas. But if you germinate your own seeds to make starts for the vegetable garden, a chicken smorgasbord is cheap and easy.<br /> <br /> You need seeds, some trays, and some ordinary potting soil or just your own compost. Germinate the seeds and add a mild liquid fertilizer when the fodder reaches about 2 inches tall. At 4 to 6 inches, carry the tray out to the chickens and watch those little rascals party!<br /> <br /> ==Plants for Chicken Runs==<br /> If a chicken run is the only space available, grow sunflowers along the fence line. Seed for black oilseed sunflowers is inexpensive when purchased in bulk. Protect the young plants with chicken wire, or plant them on the other side of the fence. When they mature, store the heads and use them to treat the chickens throughout the year. The natural seed heads are feed and container in one!<br /> <br /> Sunflowers are the perfect fodder crop where space is limited, because they have such a small footprint. In urban areas, sunflowers are considered attractive even by neighbors who object to the appearance of food crops like corn and squash.<br /> <br /> If you have children to entertain, try planting a sunflower circle with a spiral tail for an entrance in your yard. It makes a wonderfully shady clubhouse during the summer months. When the sunflower heads are harvested and the stalks are cut off at ground level, it completely disappears—though the memories live forever for your little ones.<br /> <br /> ==Include Your Orchard==<br /> Homesteaders love to run their chickens through the orchard to collect insects and eat dropped fruit, but what if the orchard was planted with the chickens’ arrival in mind?<br /> <br /> My orchard is kept heavily mulched and is regularly planted with seasonal crops. When winter greens are spent, the chickens are happy to help with the cleanup. During the hottest part of summer, the orchard becomes a shady place to hunt grasshoppers and gobble up tired bean plants.<br /> <br /> If your orchard is covered with grass, consider planting chicken fodder instead. The diversity will improve the environment for the trees and keep the soil from compacting. Each plant adds a benefit to the soil and the overall ecosystem of the orchard.<br /> <br /> I always plant winter squash in the orchard. The large roots of squash travel far and wide, so after the plants are harvested the roots break down and leave organic material available for the fruit trees’ roots. The soil’s water retention is improved as well. The nice big pumpkins store all winter, so the chickens have access to fresh, living food when there isn’t much growing in the pasture. You get all that, just for planting two or three seeds.<br /> <br /> ==Recommended Plants for Chicken Feed==<br /> The following list of plants should help you get started. These plants are chosen because they provide valuable nutrition to the chickens, allowing you to cut down the feed bill. Experiment with other plants that are good for chickens and grow well in your area.<br /> <br /> Cover Crops<br /> * Red clover<br /> * Rye grass<br /> * Millet<br /> * Alfalfa<br /> * Mustard<br /> * Daikon radish<br /> * Sunflowers<br /> <br /> Orchard &amp; Pasture<br /> * Red clover<br /> * Swiss chard<br /> * Rye grass<br /> * Millet<br /> * Sorghum (Milo)<br /> * Alfalfa<br /> * Oats<br /> * Popcorn<br /> * Pumpkin<br /> * Flax<br /> * Amaranth<br /> * Chicory<br /> * Beets<br /> * Quinoa<br /> * Sunflowers<br /> <br /> Forage Circles &amp; Seed Flats<br /> * Red clover<br /> * Swiss chard<br /> * Rye grass<br /> * Millet<br /> * Sorghum<br /> * Alfalfa<br /> * Oats<br /> * Popcorn<br /> * Pumpkin<br /> * Flax<br /> * Amaranth<br /> * Nasturtium<br /> * Cucumber<br /> * Beets<br /> * Spinach<br /> * Broccoli<br /> * Turnip<br /> * Mustard<br /> * Kale<br /> * Quinoa<br /> * Daikon radish<br /> * Sunflowers<br /> <br /> ==Better Food Equals Better Nutrition==<br /> Regular consumption of fresh greens will raise the omega-3 content of eggs and improve the rich orange color of the yolks. That bright color is from the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin. So, the nutritional value of the eggs is greatly enhanced, with higher levels of vitamins A, D, E, and more.<br /> <br /> It is easy to see the cascade of benefits that can be realized from getting involved in your chicken’s diet. These benefits include reduced feed cost, vastly improved health for the flock, maximized egg quality, conservation of labor in the garden and orchard, and improved diversity of the garden environment.<br /> <br /> The start-up commitment for all of these benefits is so small that it is easy to incorporate this into even the smallest garden and the smallest flock. Your chickens might thank you—or they might be way too busy.<br /> <br /> via https://thegrownetwork.com/how-to-grow-happier-chickens-and-healthier-eggs-from-seed/</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Chicken_Feed&diff=1531 Chicken Feed 2021-01-26T22:06:15Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;In some places, “chicken feed” is an old slang term meaning “cheap.” That certainly isn’t true today—especially for those of you who feed an organic, soy-free, and...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>In some places, “chicken feed” is an old slang term meaning “cheap.” That certainly isn’t true today—especially for those of you who feed an organic, soy-free, and corn-free formula to your precious flock. While working for chicken feed may not seem like a good trade-off for you, starting small is the best way to know if growing your own feed is right for you and your flock.<br /> <br /> This does not mean becoming a grain farmer. Forget about rows of waving grain, harvesting, threshing, and storing. Do it the easy way: Do it one step at a time and set up systems that require minimal labor.<br /> <br /> ==Plant Seeds of Change==<br /> If you are using cover crops in your garden, you can actually save work and money—just by choosing seed that is chicken friendly. Many gardeners and homesteaders prefer to keep the flock out of the garden most of the time. But, when winter cover crops are ready to be tilled in (or mowed down for no-till cultivation), the chickens can process that ground for you.<br /> <br /> They love doing this work because they eat like little kings and queens! They will also clean up any pests. Any permanent plantings or crops that are still in the ground can be protected from the chickens with row cover or bird netting. So, while the chickens clean and manure the garden, they are getting fresh grains, legumes, greens, and protein.<br /> <br /> When planting time comes, just rake the area smooth, add a layer of finished compost, and you are ready to plant. The layer of finished compost covers the raw manure just enough to keep it from splashing up onto the spring crops and keeps any manure just below the top surface where microbes can process it into nutrients for the plants. This system mimics nature and optimizes the health of your garden ecosystem.<br /> <br /> Feeding a Grain Diet? Read This: “Ferment Your Feed for Healthier and Happier Chickens”<br /> <br /> ==Improving Your Pasture (or Run)==<br /> While your chickens are busy preparing the vegetable garden for spring planting, you can start another tasty surprise for them in their pasture or in the greenhouse. A chicken pasture can be created from any unused lawn area or weedy meadow. If you don’t have the extra space to create a chicken pasture, an ordinary chicken run can be improved using these same techniques.<br /> <br /> First, cover the area with any organic material you can find—cover all exposed ground with wood chips, hay, spent crops, etc. This layer of organic material keeps bare ground covered and creates a base for recycling manure. Keeping the surface moist as it breaks down attracts more insects for the chickens to eat, and preserves beneficial microbes and nutrients in the finished compost.<br /> <br /> A mulched surface is healthier for the flock, is better to walk on for people tending the chickens, and prevents valuable manure from drying out and blowing away. Consider, too, that a barren, empty chicken run is a haven for neurotic behavior in the flock. Busy chickens are happy chickens, and when there are bugs to catch or prize morsels to scratch up, pecking a hole in a neighbor’s head becomes a lot less interesting—it’s simple chicken nature.<br /> <br /> ==Growing Chicken Feed==<br /> Create small patches of seeded forage, protected by a length of fencing that is wired into a circle. Remove the fence when the plants are ready for use as fodder. A height of 4 to 6 inches of growth is optimal for maximum health benefits.<br /> <br /> The seed mix you use can be varied according to the season. This system is perfect for small flocks, because the fodder will be consumed before it becomes overly mature. This system is also helpful for those with a large pasture, because you can test different seed before you commit to planting your entire pasture with it—which can be costly.<br /> <br /> If your chickens are as silly as mine are, a test is always a good idea.<br /> <br /> ==Growing Chicken Feed Indoors==<br /> If you have a greenhouse or a cold frame, flats of fresh fodder can be started every two weeks for a steady supply of fresh greens any time of year.<br /> <br /> Garden centers have begun to sell small trays of chicken fodder as treats for pampered backyard chickens in urban areas. But if you germinate your own seeds to make starts for the vegetable garden, a chicken smorgasbord is cheap and easy.<br /> <br /> You need seeds, some trays, and some ordinary potting soil or just your own compost. Germinate the seeds and add a mild liquid fertilizer when the fodder reaches about 2 inches tall. At 4 to 6 inches, carry the tray out to the chickens and watch those little rascals party!<br /> <br /> ==Plants for Chicken Runs==<br /> If a chicken run is the only space available, grow sunflowers along the fence line. Seed for black oilseed sunflowers is inexpensive when purchased in bulk. Protect the young plants with chicken wire, or plant them on the other side of the fence. When they mature, store the heads and use them to treat the chickens throughout the year. The natural seed heads are feed and container in one!<br /> <br /> Sunflowers are the perfect fodder crop where space is limited, because they have such a small footprint. In urban areas, sunflowers are considered attractive even by neighbors who object to the appearance of food crops like corn and squash.<br /> <br /> If you have children to entertain, try planting a sunflower circle with a spiral tail for an entrance in your yard. It makes a wonderfully shady clubhouse during the summer months. When the sunflower heads are harvested and the stalks are cut off at ground level, it completely disappears—though the memories live forever for your little ones.<br /> <br /> ==Include Your Orchard==<br /> Homesteaders love to run their chickens through the orchard to collect insects and eat dropped fruit, but what if the orchard was planted with the chickens’ arrival in mind?<br /> <br /> My orchard is kept heavily mulched and is regularly planted with seasonal crops. When winter greens are spent, the chickens are happy to help with the cleanup. During the hottest part of summer, the orchard becomes a shady place to hunt grasshoppers and gobble up tired bean plants.<br /> <br /> If your orchard is covered with grass, consider planting chicken fodder instead. The diversity will improve the environment for the trees and keep the soil from compacting. Each plant adds a benefit to the soil and the overall ecosystem of the orchard.<br /> <br /> I always plant winter squash in the orchard. The large roots of squash travel far and wide, so after the plants are harvested the roots break down and leave organic material available for the fruit trees’ roots. The soil’s water retention is improved as well. The nice big pumpkins store all winter, so the chickens have access to fresh, living food when there isn’t much growing in the pasture. You get all that, just for planting two or three seeds.<br /> <br /> ==Recommended Plants for Chicken Feed==<br /> The following list of plants should help you get started. These plants are chosen because they provide valuable nutrition to the chickens, allowing you to cut down the feed bill. Experiment with other plants that are good for chickens and grow well in your area.<br /> <br /> Cover Crops<br /> Red clover<br /> Rye grass<br /> Millet<br /> Alfalfa<br /> Mustard<br /> Daikon radish<br /> Sunflowers<br /> <br /> Orchard &amp; Pasture<br /> Red clover<br /> Swiss chard<br /> Rye grass<br /> Millet<br /> Sorghum (Milo)<br /> Alfalfa<br /> Oats<br /> Popcorn<br /> Pumpkin<br /> Flax<br /> Amaranth<br /> Chicory<br /> Beets<br /> Quinoa<br /> Sunflowers<br /> <br /> Forage Circles &amp; Seed Flats<br /> Red clover<br /> Swiss chard<br /> Rye grass<br /> Millet<br /> Sorghum<br /> Alfalfa<br /> Oats<br /> Popcorn<br /> Pumpkin<br /> Flax<br /> Amaranth<br /> Nasturtium<br /> Cucumber<br /> Beets<br /> Spinach<br /> Broccoli<br /> Turnip<br /> Mustard<br /> Kale<br /> Quinoa<br /> Daikon radish<br /> Sunflowers<br /> <br /> ==Better Food Equals Better Nutrition==<br /> Regular consumption of fresh greens will raise the omega-3 content of eggs and improve the rich orange color of the yolks. That bright color is from the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin. So, the nutritional value of the eggs is greatly enhanced, with higher levels of vitamins A, D, E, and more.<br /> <br /> It is easy to see the cascade of benefits that can be realized from getting involved in your chicken’s diet. These benefits include reduced feed cost, vastly improved health for the flock, maximized egg quality, conservation of labor in the garden and orchard, and improved diversity of the garden environment.<br /> <br /> The start-up commitment for all of these benefits is so small that it is easy to incorporate this into even the smallest garden and the smallest flock. Your chickens might thank you—or they might be way too busy.<br /> <br /> via https://thegrownetwork.com/how-to-grow-happier-chickens-and-healthier-eggs-from-seed/</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Chickens&diff=1530 Chickens 2021-01-26T22:04:55Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Stub}}<br /> <br /> I love eggs.<br /> <br /> ==Inputs==<br /> * (Free Range!)<br /> * Supplemental [[Chicken_Feed|Feed]]<br /> * Calcium for shells -- currently common is oyster shell, but chickens are &quot;flexible&quot; to say the least<br /> <br /> Also need room for a dust bath, protection from predators, a place to lay, a place to perch at night . . . <br /> <br /> ==Outputs==<br /> *Eggs<br /> *Manure<br /> *Will clean/scratch the heck out of a plot of land -- see [[Chicken Tractor]]<br /> <br /> == Breeds == <br /> <br /> * [[Icelandic Chickens]]<br /> * [[Rhode Island Red]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Livestock]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Sweet_Potato&diff=1529 Sweet Potato 2021-01-14T16:28:49Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Eat greens all season, then harvest a tastey and nutritious tuber that stores well. What&#039;s not to love about this plant? And indeed, it&#039;s been a staple of many cultures for a long time.<br /> <br /> ==Starting Slips==<br /> <br /> Even from (organic!) store bought sweet potatoes, you can start slips (baby vines) to plant. Start 6 weeks before last frost: take one end of the sweet potato off, and suspend it in a glass of water with toothpicks or what have you. Keep the water level up, and the slips should start to grow. Once they are about 2-3&quot;, cut them off at the base, and put these tiny slips in water. They will start growing roots. Once they have a 2-3&quot; root system, plant the slips in soil and let them establish. By now it should be warm enough out to transplant into your garden. Be aware they can sprawl quite impressively, so be sure to account for them in your layout!<br /> <br /> ==Harvesting==<br /> *You must cure sweet potatoes or they will not have that delicious, sweet taste. <br /> *Curing the potatoes allows a second skin to form over scratches and bruises that occur when digging up the potatoes.<br /> * To cure, keep the roots in a warm place (about 80°F/27°C) at high humidity (about 90%) for 10 to 14 days. A table outside in a shady spot works well. For best curing, make sure that the potatoes are not touching one another.<br /> *After curing, throw out any bruised potatoes, and then wrap each one in newspaper and pack them carefully in a wooden box or basket. Store the sweet potatoes in a root cellar, basement, or other place with a temperature of at least 55°F/13°C. <br /> *If stored at a temperature range of 55–60°F (13–15.5°C) with high humidity, the tubers should last for about 6 months. When removing the potatoes from storage, remember to be gentle; do not dig around or else you will bruise the potatoes.<br /> <br /> ==Canning==<br /> In 1930, the Ball Blue Book advised that “some of the best varieties for canning are the Nancy Hall, Triumph and Southern Queen.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> * [http://cipotato.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/AN28852.pdf Interesting study on ancient potato &amp; sweet potato in South America]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Crops]]<br /> [[Category:Calorie Crops]]<br /> [[Category:Tuber]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Fig&diff=1528 Fig 2020-12-29T20:17:57Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>While you can buy dried figs all year round, they are a very different proposition to fresh figs, particularly those that you have grown yourself. While dried figs have a uniform texture and a necessarily dry (although still flavorful) taste, fresh figs have a bit more going on to intrigue the palate. The skin is smooth, but then gives way to chewy, sweet flesh, with the crunchy seeds giving a final surprise in the middle. Not only that, fresh figs are also nutritious, giving you a good dose of fiber, potassium and calcium. The other good news when it comes to cultivating your own figs on your permaculture plot is that the leaves of the plants can also be used in the kitchen, which makes the fig tree very amenable to the permaculture principle of maximizing yield from the elements of a site.<br /> <br /> Some gardeners can be put off cultivating their own fig trees, as they fear they may lack the warm temperatures that help to ensure a bountiful harvest. But as permaculturists we can manipulate the microclimate around the fig tree to help ensure a good setting of fruit. And in fact, figs will grow in most locations – in garden beds and in containers – as long as they are protected from strong, cold winds and too much direct winter sunlight (although they need direct summer sunlight), which can cause them to grow before spring and potentially suffer damage when a winter frost or snowfall settles.<br /> <br /> ==Variety==<br /> There are lots of different varieties of fig that the permaculture gardener could choose to cultivate, and their choice will typically hinge on the sort of climate that the plot experiences. For example, the Brown Turkey variety is a good all-rounder, capable of being grown in beds or in containers, and renowned for producing heavy crops of fruit. The Osbourne Prolific variety, as evidenced by its name, shares this tendency for profusion, but is more suited to warmer temperate and even tropical climates. In contrast, the Hardwick is a hardy variety and can be grown in most locations as long as it’s protected from early winter frosts.<br /> <br /> Note also the Chicago Hardy Fig -- which can be grown in colder zones (and Baker creek has some [https://www.rareseeds.com/fig-chicago-hardy-2-plants-ships-march-june-/ here]):<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;IAF Note&#039;&#039;&#039; :: because of the fig&#039;s drought-resistance once established, and the hardiness of the Chicago variety, this is one I have personally selected.<br /> <br /> * [https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/figs/hardy-chicago-fig-trees.htm]<br /> <br /> Chicago fig stems are hardy to 10 F. (-12 C.) and the roots are hardy to -20 F. (-29 C.). In USDA zones 6-7, grow this fig in a protected area, such as against a south-facing wall, and mulch around the roots. Also, consider providing additional cold protection by wrapping the tree. The plant may still show die back during the cold winter but should be protected enough to rebound in the spring. In USDA zones 5 and 6, this fig can be grown as a low growing shrub that is “laid down” in the winter, known as heeling in. This just means that the branches are bent over and covered with soil along with mounding soil over the main trunk of the tree. Chicago figs can also be container grown and then moved indoors and overwintered in a greenhouse, garage, or basement.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Position==<br /> Place your figs trees in a location that gets full summer sunlight. Planting beside a fence or wall, or even close to a line of taller trees, that allow this access to summer heat will also serve to shade the figs from the winter sunlight that is not required and can potentially inhibit growth. Such a structure should also protect the trees from damage by wind. If growing in containers, you can move the trees around to take advantage of the sun’s position during summer, and can relocate them to a greenhouse or conservatory in winter to protect them.<br /> <br /> ==Soil==<br /> Figs need soil that drains well. While they can be thirsty, they do not thrive if the soil becomes waterlogged. Adding organic matter to the soil will help improve the drainage and also add nutrients that they fig will use to grow. However, avoid having too much nitrogen in the soil as this can inhibit growth. The ideal pH of the soil for growing figs is between 6 and 6.5.<br /> <br /> ==Planting==<br /> Being deciduous, figs are best planted in the garden in winter. Typically you will plant juvenile trees that are sourced from an organic supplier. If growing from seed, start the seeds off in pots in a greenhouse or conservatory over the summer and fall before planting out in the garden. Fig trees can grow up to 3 meters tall and develop a broad canopy, so give them plenty of room. You can prune your figs to restrict their growth and fit them into a smaller space. Figs can also be trained to grow on trellises if you are short on space. If left unencumbered, figs will develop extensive root systems. This can mean competition with other plants species for soil moisture and nutrients, and mean that energy is diverted from fruit production to root growth, giving you a leaner harvest. When planting your fig trees, line the sides of the hole with recycled concrete slabs to encourage deep rather than broad root development.<br /> <br /> ==Water==<br /> Water the figs well during the summer months, preferably with harvested rainwater. You don’t need to water so much during winter, and can set straw or woodchip mulch around the trees to preserve soil moisture and protect from ground freeze. Remove the mulch in the spring when the chance of frost has receded and fertilize with organic matter to give new growth a kick-start.<br /> <br /> ==Harvest==<br /> Once established and mature, most fig varieties produce two crops. The first develops on the previous year’s growth of wood and ripens in the summer. The second crop sets on new branches and ripens in the fall. Figs stop ripening once they are picked from the tree, so you want to ensure that they are ready to eat before harvesting. The fruit should feel soft and the skin seem almost at the point of bursting. You want to pick fruit before the skin actually does split, as this will cause the flesh to take on a sour taste. Harvest early in the morning by pulling gently at the stem end.<br /> <br /> Once picked figs are best used immediately, but you can store fresh figs for a few days in the refrigerator if you are not ready to use them grow figsstraight away. Place the fruit in a single layer in the coldest part of the fridge. Do not store them in proximity to vegetables as, like many fruit species, after harvesting figs release ethylene gas which can cause vegetables to spoil, so perhaps use the crisper drawer at the base of the fridge for your figs – this also protects them from fluctuations in temperature caused by the refrigerator door opening and closing.<br /> <br /> ==Propagation==<br /> If you have one or more fig trees that have provided you with a plentiful harvest of tasty fruit, you may wish to propagate those trees. Figs are relatively easy to propagate from cuttings taken from successful mature specimens. You want to take a hardwood cutting of around thirty to forty centimeters in length. Plant, with about half the cutting in the soil, using the same criteria of position and soil as above, in winter, remembering to leave enough space for the mature tree to grow into.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Trees]]<br /> [[Category:Fruit]]<br /> [[Category:Crops]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Great_Food_Transformation&diff=1527 Great Food Transformation 2020-12-03T00:55:57Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;=Players= * Mars, Inc.: multinational food company. involved with Rockefeller Reset the Table AND with Soros/Podesta Food Chain Reaction Game * Nestle * Barilla : Barilla wit...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>=Players=<br /> * Mars, Inc.: multinational food company. involved with Rockefeller Reset the Table AND with Soros/Podesta Food Chain Reaction Game<br /> * Nestle<br /> * Barilla : Barilla with Food Tank (a &quot;Food Think Tank&quot;) is hosting the &quot;Resetting the Food System from Farm to Fork&quot;</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Potato&diff=1526 Potato 2020-06-19T21:26:39Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Calorie crop.<br /> <br /> ==Canning==<br /> <br /> *Cut into pieces between 1-2 inches. Or you can leave them whole, if you are like us and got TONS of teeny tiny potatoes (my kids call them tater tots) Your potato pieces should not be bigger than the 1-2 inches. <br /> *You can cut them as small as 1/2 inch... I would think they might get over cooked this way. I am at high altitude and required pressure is high for me. If you live at low altitude it might not be as much of a problem. <br /> *As you cut your potatoes place in a pot of water to avoid discoloring.<br /> *Cook small 1/2 inch pieces 2 minutes in boiling water and drain. If you have larger pieces or whole potatoes, boil up to 10 minutes and drain. You want the potatoes to be hot through, but not over cooked. Remember no larger than 2 inches. <br /> *Add 1 teaspoon of salt per quart to the jar, if desired. This is optional though I do recommend it unless you have a health reason to leave the salt out. Salt helps preserve the texture and taste of the potatoes. <br /> *Fill jars with hot prepared potatoes, leaving no more than 1-inch head space. <br /> *Cover hot potatoes with FRESH boiling water, don&#039;t use the water you used to boil the potatoes. It will be starchy and cloudy. Leave 1-inch head space and cover all pieces of potato.<br /> *Wipe the rims clean, remove any air bubbles and place your lids.<br /> <br /> Process 35-40min, adjusting for elevation.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Calorie Crop]]<br /> [[Category:Calorie Crops]]<br /> [[Category:Crops]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1525 Actors 2020-03-16T05:22:17Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Lab-Grown Meat */</p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow [http://www.gmo.news/2018-02-07-bill-gates-is-backing-a-quest-to-create-a-genetically-modified-super-cow-to-produce-genetically-modified-milk.html]<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 [https://www.grain.org/en/article/6389-gates-ag-one-one-more-push-to-get-farmers-into-high-tech] because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot; [https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/GatesAgOne_OverviewandFAQ.pdf]<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain [http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/recommendations.html]<br /> * Buying up ($171m) Washington farmland [https://www.landreport.com/2018/09/bill-gates-pays-171-million-for-washington-farmland/]<br /> <br /> ===Lab-Grown Meat===<br /> * Lab-grown meat startup [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/bill-gates-and-richard-branson-bet-on-lab-grown-meat-startup.html] &quot;Clean Meat&quot; with fellow Billionaire Richard Branson<br /> * Funds Impossible Foods (&quot;We Want to END ANIMAL AGRICULTURE&quot;), Beyond Meat, Memphis Meats<br /> <br /> =George Soros / John Podesta =<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game], simulating a global food supply falters after climate change/epidemics wreak havoc [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wfvtD17G9w]<br /> ** Findings [http://foodchainreaction.org/index.php/game/findings/]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods [https://www.plenty.ag/the-feed/plentys-vertically-farmed-produce-hits-safeway-whole-foods/]<br /> <br /> =Walmart=<br /> * Robotic bees for pollinating indoor farms<br /> * Consolidating supply chain: <br /> ** Opened their own dairy processing plant 2018 [https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant][https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant]<br /> ** Opened their own meat processing plant 2020 [https://thecounter.org/walmart-new-angus-beef-plant-thomasville-georgia/]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1524 Local markets 2020-03-14T18:07:32Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* How */</p> <hr /> <div>=Food Freedom - Reconnecting Markets during Outbreak=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> <br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> <br /> * Email me: iceagefarmer @ protonmail.com if you would like to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> ** make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> ** help advise producers connect with people who want their food<br /> ** be a regional Point-Of-Contact, and share what&#039;s working with the rest of us!<br /> <br /> * Join the [http://iceagefarmer.com/mail mailing list: http://iceagefarmer.com/mail] (may need to disable adblock to get form to show up on that page)</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1523 Local markets 2020-03-14T18:06:34Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* The List */</p> <hr /> <div>=Food Freedom - Reconnecting Markets during Outbreak=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> <br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> <br /> * Join the [http://iceagefarmer.com/mail mailing list: http://iceagefarmer.com/mail]<br /> <br /> * Email me: iceagefarmer @ protonmail.com if you would like to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> ** make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> ** help advise producers connect with people who want their food<br /> ** be a regional Point-Of-Contact, and share what&#039;s working with the rest of us!</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1522 Local markets 2020-03-14T18:06:10Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* How */</p> <hr /> <div>=Food Freedom - Reconnecting Markets during Outbreak=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> <br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> <br /> * Join the [http://iceagefarmer.com/mail mailing list: http://iceagefarmer.com/mail]<br /> <br /> * Email me: iceagefarmer @ protonmail.com if you would like to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> ** make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> ** help advise producers connect with people who want their food<br /> ** be a regional Point-Of-Contact, and share what&#039;s working with the rest of us!<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> PUBLIC spreadsheet is [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vvNYHA6Ls6D1yvqQx7Bq9-oULdjKeGumu0cFLLq17zs/edit?usp=sharing here].</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1521 Local markets 2020-03-14T18:04:36Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Food Freedom - Reconnecting Markets during Outbreak */</p> <hr /> <div>=Food Freedom - Reconnecting Markets during Outbreak=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> <br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> * make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> * help producers connect with people who want their food (craigslist? facebook marketplace? up to you).<br /> * be a regional Point-Of-Contact and evangelize the importance of supporting LOCAL FOOD in these times<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> PUBLIC spreadsheet is [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vvNYHA6Ls6D1yvqQx7Bq9-oULdjKeGumu0cFLLq17zs/edit?usp=sharing here].</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1520 Local markets 2020-03-14T18:04:26Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* What */</p> <hr /> <div>=Food Freedom - Reconnecting Markets during Outbreak=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> * make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> * help producers connect with people who want their food (craigslist? facebook marketplace? up to you).<br /> * be a regional Point-Of-Contact and evangelize the importance of supporting LOCAL FOOD in these times<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> PUBLIC spreadsheet is [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vvNYHA6Ls6D1yvqQx7Bq9-oULdjKeGumu0cFLLq17zs/edit?usp=sharing here].</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1519 Local markets 2020-03-14T18:00:21Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* CA (North) */</p> <hr /> <div>=What=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> * make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> * help producers connect with people who want their food (craigslist? facebook marketplace? up to you).<br /> * be a regional Point-Of-Contact and evangelize the importance of supporting LOCAL FOOD in these times<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> PUBLIC spreadsheet is [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vvNYHA6Ls6D1yvqQx7Bq9-oULdjKeGumu0cFLLq17zs/edit?usp=sharing here].</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1518 Local markets 2020-03-14T17:51:18Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* How */</p> <hr /> <div>=What=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces:<br /> * make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM<br /> * help producers connect with people who want their food (craigslist? facebook marketplace? up to you).<br /> * be a regional Point-Of-Contact and evangelize the importance of supporting LOCAL FOOD in these times<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> ==CA (North)==<br /> [mailto:iceagefarmer@protonmail.com Christian Westbrook]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1517 Local markets 2020-03-14T17:40:40Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>=What=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces -- i.e., make a lot of noise and outreach locally to fight for FOOD FREEDOM:<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> ==CA (North)==<br /> [mailto:iceagefarmer@protonmail.com Christian Westbrook]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1516 Local markets 2020-03-14T17:27:35Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>=What=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces.<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> ==Nevada County, CA==<br /> [mailto:iceagefarmer@protonmail.com Christian Westbrook]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Local_markets&diff=1515 Local markets 2020-03-14T17:25:07Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;=What= With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good cle...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>=What=<br /> With the news that [https://blog.sourcewhatsgood.com/farmers-market-shutdown-amid-covid-19-fear/ farmers markets are closing], we must reconnect consumers with good clean organic food, and producers with their markets!<br /> <br /> Report:<br /> &lt;youtube&gt;aZe4Tzjw_FA&lt;/youtube&gt;<br /> <br /> =How=<br /> Email me iceagefarmer@protonmail.com if you would like to be added to this list to REBUILD local marketplaces.<br /> <br /> =The List=<br /> <br /> ==Nevada County, CA==<br /> Christian Westbrook<br /> iceagefarmer@protonmail.com</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1514 Actors 2020-02-26T06:10:23Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Bill Gates */</p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow [http://www.gmo.news/2018-02-07-bill-gates-is-backing-a-quest-to-create-a-genetically-modified-super-cow-to-produce-genetically-modified-milk.html]<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 [https://www.grain.org/en/article/6389-gates-ag-one-one-more-push-to-get-farmers-into-high-tech] because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot; [https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/GatesAgOne_OverviewandFAQ.pdf]<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain [http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/recommendations.html]<br /> * Buying up ($171m) Washington farmland [https://www.landreport.com/2018/09/bill-gates-pays-171-million-for-washington-farmland/]<br /> <br /> ==Lab-Grown Meat==<br /> * Lab-grown meat startup [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/bill-gates-and-richard-branson-bet-on-lab-grown-meat-startup.html] &quot;Clean Meat&quot; with fellow Billionaire Richard Branson<br /> * Funds Impossible Foods (&quot;We Want to END ANIMAL AGRICULTURE&quot;), Beyond Meat, Memphis Meats<br /> <br /> =George Soros / John Podesta =<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game], simulating a global food supply falters after climate change/epidemics wreak havoc [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wfvtD17G9w]<br /> ** Findings [http://foodchainreaction.org/index.php/game/findings/]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods [https://www.plenty.ag/the-feed/plentys-vertically-farmed-produce-hits-safeway-whole-foods/]<br /> <br /> =Walmart=<br /> * Robotic bees for pollinating indoor farms<br /> * Consolidating supply chain: <br /> ** Opened their own dairy processing plant 2018 [https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant][https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant]<br /> ** Opened their own meat processing plant 2020 [https://thecounter.org/walmart-new-angus-beef-plant-thomasville-georgia/]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1513 Actors 2020-02-26T06:08:41Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Bill Gates */</p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow [http://www.gmo.news/2018-02-07-bill-gates-is-backing-a-quest-to-create-a-genetically-modified-super-cow-to-produce-genetically-modified-milk.html]<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 [https://www.grain.org/en/article/6389-gates-ag-one-one-more-push-to-get-farmers-into-high-tech] because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot; [https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/GatesAgOne_OverviewandFAQ.pdf]<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain [http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/recommendations.html]<br /> * Buying up ($171m) Washington farmland [https://www.landreport.com/2018/09/bill-gates-pays-171-million-for-washington-farmland/]<br /> <br /> ==With fellow Billionaire Richard Branson==<br /> * Lab-grown meat startup [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/bill-gates-and-richard-branson-bet-on-lab-grown-meat-startup.html] &quot;Clean Meat&quot;<br /> <br /> =George Soros / John Podesta =<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game], simulating a global food supply falters after climate change/epidemics wreak havoc [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wfvtD17G9w]<br /> ** Findings [http://foodchainreaction.org/index.php/game/findings/]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods [https://www.plenty.ag/the-feed/plentys-vertically-farmed-produce-hits-safeway-whole-foods/]<br /> <br /> =Walmart=<br /> * Robotic bees for pollinating indoor farms<br /> * Consolidating supply chain: <br /> ** Opened their own dairy processing plant 2018 [https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant][https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant]<br /> ** Opened their own meat processing plant 2020 [https://thecounter.org/walmart-new-angus-beef-plant-thomasville-georgia/]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Attack_on_Food&diff=1512 Attack on Food 2020-02-26T05:15:01Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Social Media: Precious Food */</p> <hr /> <div>==Social Media: Precious Food==<br /> * [https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003570/viral-cherry-freedom-meme-critiques-chinas-cost-of-living China&#039;s &#039;Fruit Freedom&#039;]<br /> * [http://www.topanozo.com/shop/viral-pakistan-bride-wears-tomato-jewelryto-mock-countrys-economic-despair/ Pakistani &quot;Priceless Tomato&quot;] craze: brides wearing tomatoes as prices skyrocket<br /> * [https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9173341/onions-getting-more-and-more-valuable/ As Indian Onions become more valuable], memes and onion earrings appear<br /> ** [https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-akshay-kumar-gets-best-present-award-for-gifting-twinkle-khanna-a-pair-of-onion-earrings-2805386 onion earrings] even as [https://twitter.com/Ashi_IndiaToday/status/1205762592204972032 people riot in the streets]<br /> * [https://www.msn.com/en-my/money/topstories/why-chinese-banks-are-giving-out-free-pork-to-new-customers/ar-BBYdogp Chinese banks issuing &quot;free pork&quot; to new account holders]<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> * [https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/no-wheat-flour-shortage-in-kp-says-food-min-814910.html Mexican cartels fight it out for control of avocados]<br /> <br /> ==Actually Genuine!==<br /> * [https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3042638/chinas-pork-crisis-local-banks-offer-meat-new-customers Chinese banks offer Pork to new depositors]<br /> <br /> ==Consumer Perception==<br /> * [http://www.soylent.com Soylent]<br /> * Cockroach Milk<br /> * [https://apal.org.au/hailstorm-heroes-rise-south-australia/ Hailstorm Heroes]: damaged but still delicious<br /> <br /> ==GMO==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food Contraceptive Corn] produces spermicide -- 2001. Unbelievable</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Attack_on_Food&diff=1511 Attack on Food 2020-02-26T05:14:26Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Social Media: Precious Food */</p> <hr /> <div>==Social Media: Precious Food==<br /> * [https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003570/viral-cherry-freedom-meme-critiques-chinas-cost-of-living China&#039;s &#039;Fruit Freedom&#039;]<br /> * [http://www.topanozo.com/shop/viral-pakistan-bride-wears-tomato-jewelryto-mock-countrys-economic-despair/ Pakistani &quot;Priceless Tomato&quot;] craze: brides wearing tomatoes as prices skyrocket<br /> * [https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9173341/onions-getting-more-and-more-valuable/ As Indian Onions become more valuable], memes and onion earrings appear<br /> * [https://www.msn.com/en-my/money/topstories/why-chinese-banks-are-giving-out-free-pork-to-new-customers/ar-BBYdogp Chinese banks issuing &quot;free pork&quot; to new account holders]<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> * [https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/no-wheat-flour-shortage-in-kp-says-food-min-814910.html Mexican cartels fight it out for control of avocados]<br /> <br /> ==Actually Genuine!==<br /> * [https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3042638/chinas-pork-crisis-local-banks-offer-meat-new-customers Chinese banks offer Pork to new depositors]<br /> <br /> ==Consumer Perception==<br /> * [http://www.soylent.com Soylent]<br /> * Cockroach Milk<br /> * [https://apal.org.au/hailstorm-heroes-rise-south-australia/ Hailstorm Heroes]: damaged but still delicious<br /> <br /> ==GMO==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food Contraceptive Corn] produces spermicide -- 2001. Unbelievable</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1510 Actors 2020-02-26T05:12:45Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Bill Gates */</p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow [http://www.gmo.news/2018-02-07-bill-gates-is-backing-a-quest-to-create-a-genetically-modified-super-cow-to-produce-genetically-modified-milk.html]<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 [https://www.grain.org/en/article/6389-gates-ag-one-one-more-push-to-get-farmers-into-high-tech] because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot; [https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/GatesAgOne_OverviewandFAQ.pdf]<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain [http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/recommendations.html]<br /> * Buying up ($171m) Washington farmland [https://www.landreport.com/2018/09/bill-gates-pays-171-million-for-washington-farmland/]<br /> <br /> =George Soros / John Podesta =<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game], simulating a global food supply falters after climate change/epidemics wreak havoc [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wfvtD17G9w]<br /> ** Findings [http://foodchainreaction.org/index.php/game/findings/]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods [https://www.plenty.ag/the-feed/plentys-vertically-farmed-produce-hits-safeway-whole-foods/]<br /> <br /> =Walmart=<br /> * Robotic bees for pollinating indoor farms<br /> * Consolidating supply chain: <br /> ** Opened their own dairy processing plant 2018 [https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant][https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant]<br /> ** Opened their own meat processing plant 2020 [https://thecounter.org/walmart-new-angus-beef-plant-thomasville-georgia/]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1509 Actors 2020-02-26T05:12:21Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow [http://www.gmo.news/2018-02-07-bill-gates-is-backing-a-quest-to-create-a-genetically-modified-super-cow-to-produce-genetically-modified-milk.html]<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 [https://www.grain.org/en/article/6389-gates-ag-one-one-more-push-to-get-farmers-into-high-tech] because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot; [https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/GatesAgOne_OverviewandFAQ.pdf]<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain <br /> * Buying up ($171m) Washington farmland [https://www.landreport.com/2018/09/bill-gates-pays-171-million-for-washington-farmland/]<br /> <br /> =George Soros / John Podesta =<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game], simulating a global food supply falters after climate change/epidemics wreak havoc [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wfvtD17G9w]<br /> ** Findings [http://foodchainreaction.org/index.php/game/findings/]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods [https://www.plenty.ag/the-feed/plentys-vertically-farmed-produce-hits-safeway-whole-foods/]<br /> <br /> =Walmart=<br /> * Robotic bees for pollinating indoor farms<br /> * Consolidating supply chain: <br /> ** Opened their own dairy processing plant 2018 [https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant][https://www.supermarketnews.com/news/walmart-opens-new-indiana-milk-processing-plant]<br /> ** Opened their own meat processing plant 2020 [https://thecounter.org/walmart-new-angus-beef-plant-thomasville-georgia/]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1508 Actors 2020-02-26T04:54:30Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot;<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain <br /> <br /> =George Soros / John Podesta =<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1507 Actors 2020-02-26T04:35:58Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot;<br /> * Funds [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBDZVexL3RQ event 201], which predicts an outbreak of coronavirus and cascading failures in supply chain <br /> <br /> =George Soros=<br /> * Funds Podesta&#039;s Center for American Progress, which in turn hosts the [http://foodchainreaction.org/ Food Chain Reaction game]<br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds ([https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/19/billionaires-make-it-rain-on-plenty-the-indoor-farming-startup/?guccounter=1 heavily]) [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Actors&diff=1506 Actors 2020-02-26T04:33:57Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;Assembling intel. =Bill Gates= * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard * Funding a GMO cow * Starting AgOne in 2020 because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small far...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Assembling intel.<br /> <br /> =Bill Gates=<br /> * geoengineering with David Keith at Harvard<br /> * Funding a GMO cow<br /> * Starting AgOne in 2020 because &quot;we aren&#039;t getting new ag tech into small farmers fast enough&quot;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =Jeff Bezos=<br /> * Amazon<br /> * Buys Whole Foods [https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-buys-whole-foods-changes-2017-8?op=1 Aug 2017] as retail<br /> * Funds [http://plenty.ag Plenty], vertical indoor farms -- as well as investing in similar operations in China<br /> ** Plenty now sells greens via Whole Foods</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=History:_Sp%C3%B6rer_Minimum_(1450-1550)&diff=1505 History: Spörer Minimum (1450-1550) 2020-01-22T05:12:41Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>=Early Sporer Minimum: A Period of Extraordinary Climate and Socio-economic Changes in Europe=<br /> <br /> From [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kathrin_Keller2/publication/294085842_The_early_Sporer_Minimum_-_a_period_of_extraordinary_climate_and_socio-economic_changes_in_Western_and_Central_Europe/links/56bd8e5308ae9ca20a4dcb08.pdf?origin=publication_detailThe Early Sporer Minimum: A Period of Extraordinary Climate and Socio-economic Changes in Western and Central Europe]: <br /> <br /> Climate reconstructions from a multitude of natural and human archives indicate that, during winter, the period of the early Spörer Minimum (1431–1440 CE) was the coldest decade in Central Europe in the 15th century. The particularly cold winters and normal but wet summers resulted in a strong seasonal cycle that challenged food production and led to increasing food prices, a subsistence crisis, and a famine in parts of Europe. As a consequence, authorities implemented adaptation measures, such as the installation of grain storage capacities, in order to be prepared for future events. The 15th century is characterized by a grand solar minimum and enhanced volcanic activity, which both imply a reduction of seasonality<br /> <br /> Several cold periods occurred in Europe during the last millennium and affected the socio-economic systems. Here, mainlycontemporary English, German, Hungarian, Czech, Austrian, Italian and Dutch charters, letters, manorial, town and toll accounts, as well as narratives are analysed.<br /> <br /> As the reconstruction in Sect. 2 (see Fig. 3) shows, the weather conditions during the 1430s stood out due to harsh and chilly winters. These remarkably cold winters caused the freezing of rivers and lakes in Central Europe, England, and the Netherlands and were accompanied by recurrent frost periods in April and May (Fejér, 1843; Marx, 2003; Brunner, 2004; Camenisch, 2015b). Heavy snow falls followed by outstanding frost were reported in March 1438 in Berne (Morgenthaler, 1921). In Scotland, for instance, the wine in bottles had to be melted with fire before it could be drunk. Extremely cold winters during the 1430s were also reported in Ireland (Dawson, 2009). In South-eastern France, in the Provence area, and in the Netherland the first half of the 15th century was characterised by high levels of hydro-climatic variability. From 1424 to 1433 two flood and five drought years occurred, while the winter seasons from 1434 until 1437 were outstandingly cold (Pichard and Roucaute 2014; Maughan, 2016; Glaser and Stangl, 2003). South of the Alps, the time span from 1430 to 1433 was extraordinarily wet, with the winter of 1431/1432 extremely cold till April 1432 (Bauch, 2015). Likewise, during the 1430s, Bohemia, Austria, and the Hungarian Kingdom suffered from a number of cold winters and one of the greatest known flood anomalies characterised, for example, by the ‘millennial’ July 1432 flood in Bohemia (Brázdil et al., 2006) or by the significant floods of the Danube reported in 1432, 1433, 1436, 1437, 1439, and 1440 (see e.g., Brázdil and Kotyza, 1995; Rohr, 2007; Kiss, 2012). Problems due to major flood events were also documented in the second half of the decade (e.g., in 1435, 1437, 1438 and 1440) in the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, in Transylvania, and in the Tisza catchment (Brázdil and Kotyza, 1995; Rohr, 2007; Kiss, 2011). This temperature and precipitation pattern is also indicated by the models (see Fig. 6).<br /> <br /> The main first-order impact during these years was a decline in food production. In England, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Bohemia, and other places, crop failures were reported during several years of the 1430s (Jörg, 2008; TitsDieuaide, 1975; Camenisch, 2012). In late April 1434, frost damaged vineyards in Hungary, Austria, and Bohemia. In Italy, the years 1431–1435 were characterised by harvest failures and dearth (Bauch, 2015). During the harsh winters of 1434/35 and 1436/37, in the London area special references were made to herbs such as laurel, sage, and thyme, which were destroyed by the frost. Moreover, the lack of fire wood and coal is mentioned (Brie, 1906a). In the area of the Low Countries and the Holy Roman Empire, several authors described frozen vineyards, devastated winter grain, and damages to livestock during the winter of 1436/37. Two frost periods at the end of March 1437 and in the second half of May destroyed vegetables, vine, and grain in the fields (Camenisch, 2015b). Harvest failures and grain shortages were also mentioned in the area of Berne (Morgenthaler, 1921). In 1440, serious problems in wine production and a bad hay harvest were reported for Pozsony/Pressburg (which is todays Bratislava) (Ortvay, 1900).<br /> <br /> ===Food Prices===<br /> As a consequence of the poor harvests in many European regions, food prices increased considerably. Early reports on rising food and firewood prices in Paris, Cologne, Augsburg, and Magdeburg date back to the years 1432 and 1433 (Beaune, 1990; Cardauns et al., 1876). In 1433, high food prices prevailed in Austria, the Czech Lands, and the Hungarian kingdom (Höfler, 1865). Even in Scotland and Ireland, high prices and shortages were mentioned in the same year (Dawson, 2009). Special attention was paid to the price development of eatables in 1437/38 and 1438/39 (Brie, 1906a). In many other places in the Holy Roman Empire and the Low Countries, very high food prices were mentioned in the second half of the 1430s (Jörg, 2008; Camenisch, 2015b). In England, the situation seemed more complicated. A chronicle reported increasing wheat prices in 1435 and the consumption of substitute food such as bread made from fern roots was reported in the North (Marx, 2003). In London, rising prices for different grains were noted as well as for wine, sweet wine, meat, and fish. <br /> ===Epidemics===<br /> The consequences that were described for the wider population were inferior bread, malnutrition, epidemics, and high death rates; one of the centres of misery was the North of England (Brie, 1906a). Other sources proved moderate prices in 1435 and no price increases in England before 1438 (Munro, 2006). Diseases resurged in these years and deaths from the plague were widely reported during the serious famine of 1438–1439, when predisposing environmental and economic conditions favoured host-vector-human interactions, and from 1450–1457, when summer temperatures were the most depressed and ecological stress was again acute (Biraben, 1975). ‘Pestilentia’ was also reported as far east as the Hungarian kingdom (e.g. ca. 1430: Iványi, 1910; 1440: HNA DL 55213). During the second half of the 1430s, Italy saw a row of country-wide epidemics (Bauch, 2015). Around Easter of 1439, the epidemic disease also reached Berne where a considerable part of the town’s inhabitants were carried off (Morgenthaler, 1921). During the 1440s and 1450s, Europe’s population sank to its lowest levels, due to epidemiological and reproduction regimes that kept deaths in excess of births (McEvedy and Jones, 1978; Broadberry et al., 2015). In fact, the negative human consequences of this conjuncture of adverse climatic, biological, and societal circumstances would have been of an even larger order of magnitude except that the long post-Black Death decline in population raised the returns to labour as a factor of production, facilitated the withdrawal of settlements from environmentally and politically marginal locations, and created conditions of relative resource abundance (Allen, 2001). Thus, the adverse effects of climate deterioration were offset by the dwindling numbers of mouths to be fed and the shrinking proportion of households with incomes below the poverty line (Broadberry et al., 2015).<br /> <br /> ===Animals===<br /> ====Sheep====<br /> It also appears that the extreme weather of the 1430s had a strong impact on the health and fertility of sheep flocks in England. Thus, as several manorial accounts from south English demesnes reveals, the years 1432, 1433, 1437 and 1438 saw excessive mortality rates in sheep flocks, with the average figures standing at 32 per cent (compared with 4–5 per cent in 30 normal years). The weather seems to have also affected the fertility rates of ewes (calculated as the ratio between newborn lambs and all mature female sheep).<br /> ====Fish====<br /> Another example of how the climate during the Spörer Minimum affected human society concerns fishery. Mutually reinforcing historical evidence plausibly connects the output of medieval fisheries for herring (Clupea harengus) in the North Sea and the Baltic to decadal-scale fluctuations in regional weather conditions. Preserved herring were the most important and widely-marketed fish product in Europe. In particular, they provided the cheapest protein-rich food permitted during the six weeks of Lent in late winter and early spring when Christian rules most harshly forbade consumption of animal products. Recent fisheries science has established a close relationship between the regional climate and the success of these herring stocks. Limits of herring ranges move northwards in warmer and southwards in colder decades. Furthermore, larval herring experience high mortality during cold late winters and springs in their primary habitat of the eastern North Sea, resulting in low adult populations and poor fishing 2–4 years later (Alheit and Hagen 1997, 2001, 2002; Archipelago Research Institute, 2015; Bailey and Steele, 1992; Finney et al., 2010; Krovnin and Rodionov, 1992; Poulsen, 2008).<br /> <br /> Between the 1360s and 1540s, three kinds of historical sources indicate fluctuations in herring catches and stocks: contemporaries report losses in specific fisheries; 25 price series from 11 locations document great local volatility but also periods of widespread price peaks; and a unique record of yearly landings, written between 1405/06–1491/92 at Dieppe, a modest port near the southern boundary of the fishery range for herring. Taken together, these records identify at least regional and temporary collapses of herring catches for a time after 1360 (in the southern North Sea), locally in the Øresund from the 1410s, and more generally during the 1440s–1460s, the 1480s, and 1520s–early 1530s (e.g. Allen-Unger Database, 2015; Gemmill and Mayhew, 1995; Gerhard and Engel, 2006; Hauschild, 1973; Hitzbleck, 1971; Rogers, 1866–1902; van der Wee, 1963; Hoffmann, forthcoming).<br /> <br /> While some herring fisheries may have diminished in the 1430s, regional and general failures of catches and stocks were most likely greater during the cold spells of the 1360s, mid–1400s, and after 1520.<br /> <br /> =Epidemics: The Sweating Sickness (1485-1551)=<br /> <br /> via [http://www.historytoday.com/jared-bernard/dreaded-sweat-other-medieval-epidemic]:<br /> Holinshed&#039;s Chronicles, published in 1557, described English sweating sickness as &quot;so sharp and deadly that the lyke was never hearde of to any manne’s remembrance before that tyme.&quot; This was written by men whose grandfathers saw the Black Death. The disease began abruptly with fever, extreme aches in the neck, shoulders, and extremities, and abdominal pain with vomiting. Intense chills were followed by a hot phase involving sweating so profuse that the disease soon became known as, simply, “the Sweat.&quot; Death came swiftly after profound weakness and agonizing shortness of breath culminated with chest pain, rapid pulse, and cardiac palpitations.<br /> <br /> The outbreaks were mostly contained within England, where they occurred during the summers of &#039;&#039;&#039;1485, 1508, 1517, 1528, and 1551&#039;&#039;&#039;. Then this enigmatic disease vanished. During those summers, physicians struggled madly to understand the disease, notably Thomas Forrestier in 1485 and John Caius in 1552.<br /> <br /> ==== Further Reading ====<br /> [https://archive.org/details/epidemicsofmiddlin00heck The epidemics of the Middle Ages(1888) Hecker, J.F.C.]<br /> <br /> [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1739/1739-h/1739-h.htm The Black Death &amp; The Dancing Mania(1888) Hecker, J.F.C] [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1739 other formats]<br /> <br /> [[Category:History]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Lard&diff=1504 Lard 2020-01-14T22:02:01Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Lard used to be used all the time. Then it was [https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/02/03/146356117/who-killed-lard killed].<br /> <br /> ==Old School==<br /> It is possible to store lard without refrigeration or even pressure canning:<br /> <br /> * [https://www.nourishingdays.com/2013/10/storing-lard-without-canning-or-freezing/]<br /> <br /> ===How Long===<br /> <br /> Canned lard has lasted up to 64 years. [https://www.thelocal.de/20120201/40487]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Fats]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Lard&diff=1503 Lard 2020-01-14T22:01:46Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Lard used to be used all the time. Then it was [https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/02/03/146356117/who-killed-lard killed].<br /> <br /> ==Old School==<br /> It is possible to store lard without refrigeration or even pressure canning:<br /> <br /> * [https://www.nourishingdays.com/2013/10/storing-lard-without-canning-or-freezing/]<br /> <br /> ===How Long===<br /> <br /> Canned lard has lasted up to 64 years. [https://www.thelocal.de/20120201/40487]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Lard&diff=1502 Lard 2020-01-14T21:39:50Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>==Old School==<br /> It is possible to store lard without refrigeration or even pressure canning:<br /> <br /> * [https://www.nourishingdays.com/2013/10/storing-lard-without-canning-or-freezing/]<br /> <br /> ===How Long===<br /> <br /> Canned lard has lasted up to 64 years. [https://www.thelocal.de/20120201/40487]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Calories&diff=1501 Calories 2020-01-07T18:25:45Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Important to remember that food delivers both NUTRITION (vitamins/minerals) and FUEL (calories).<br /> <br /> Here is a table describing crop calorie density for reference in planning your garden. See also other crops listed [http://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/wiki/Category:Calorie_Crops here].<br /> <br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/docs/nf/nfCals1.jpg<br /> <br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/docs/nf/nfCals2.jpg<br /> <br /> via http://www.gardeningplaces.com/articles/nutrition-per-hectare1.htm<br /> <br /> [[Category:Calorie Crops]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Calories&diff=1500 Calories 2020-01-07T17:28:16Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Important to remember that food delivers both NUTRITION (vitamins/minerals) and FUEL (calories).<br /> <br /> Here is a table describing crop calorie density for reference in planning your garden. See also other crops listed [http://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/wiki/Category:Calorie_Crops here].<br /> <br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/docs/nf/nfCals1.jpg<br /> <br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/docs/nf/nfCals2.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Calorie Crops]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Category:Calorie_Crops&diff=1499 Category:Calorie Crops 2020-01-07T17:26:25Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;See also Calories for a table.&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>See also [[Calories]] for a table.</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Potato&diff=1498 Potato 2020-01-07T17:25:05Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Calorie crop.<br /> <br /> ==Canning==<br /> <br /> *Cut into pieces between 1-2 inches. Or you can leave them whole, if you are like us and got TONS of teeny tiny potatoes (my kids call them tater tots) Your potato pieces should not be bigger than the 1-2 inches. <br /> *You can cut them as small as 1/2 inch... I would think they might get over cooked this way. I am at high altitude and required pressure is high for me. If you live at low altitude it might not be as much of a problem. <br /> *As you cut your potatoes place in a pot of water to avoid discoloring.<br /> *Cook small 1/2 inch pieces 2 minutes in boiling water and drain. If you have larger pieces or whole potatoes, boil up to 10 minutes and drain. You want the potatoes to be hot through, but not over cooked. Remember no larger than 2 inches. <br /> *Add 1 teaspoon of salt per quart to the jar, if desired. This is optional though I do recommend it unless you have a health reason to leave the salt out. Salt helps preserve the texture and taste of the potatoes. <br /> *Fill jars with hot prepared potatoes, leaving no more than 1-inch head space. <br /> *Cover hot potatoes with FRESH boiling water, don&#039;t use the water you used to boil the potatoes. It will be starchy and cloudy. Leave 1-inch head space and cover all pieces of potato.<br /> *Wipe the rims clean, remove any air bubbles and place your lids.<br /> <br /> Process 35-40min, adjusting for elevation.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Calorie Crop]]<br /> [[Category:Crops]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Calories&diff=1497 Calories 2020-01-07T17:22:53Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;Important to remember that food delivers both NUTRITION (vitamins/minerals) and FUEL (calories). Here is a table describing crop calorie density for reference in planning you...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Important to remember that food delivers both NUTRITION (vitamins/minerals) and FUEL (calories).<br /> <br /> Here is a table describing crop calorie density for reference in planning your garden:<br /> <br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/docs/nf/nfCals1.jpg<br /> <br /> http://iceagefarmer.com/docs/nf/nfCals2.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Calorie Crops]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Rabbit&diff=1496 Rabbit 2020-01-06T09:43:32Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;Rabbits are a wonderful animal to raise for protein. ==Rabbit Starvation== Rabbit starvation is a serious, though widely over-stressed, concern regarding lean-protein rich di...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Rabbits are a wonderful animal to raise for protein.<br /> <br /> ==Rabbit Starvation==<br /> Rabbit starvation is a serious, though widely over-stressed, concern regarding lean-protein rich diets.<br /> <br /> Rabbit starvation occurs when lean protein is consumed without additional calorie sources such as fat or carbohydrates. Protein is converted to usable calories by the liver, which can only convert about 800-1600 usable calories (200 - 400 protein grams) per day from protein. When these calories are insufficient, as they will be for most adults, ketosis begins. Ketosis is a process whereby the body burns fat for fuel, first dietary fat, then stored fat. When fat stores have been exhausted, the body will then turn to its own muscles and vital organs for fuel. Additionally, ammonia and urea are generated by the liver during the process, which are toxic at excessive levels.</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Loofa&diff=1495 Loofa 2020-01-05T01:46:57Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Created page with &quot;Grow your own sponge!&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Grow your own sponge!</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Seeds&diff=1494 Seeds 2020-01-03T07:00:36Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Are amazing!<br /> <br /> ==Sourcing==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.seedsavers.org/ Seed Savers Exchange]<br /> <br /> ==Viability==<br /> <br /> Storing seeds is a good idea -- but one should be aware of best practices (cool, dry, dark place) as well as some guidelines:<br /> <br /> * Artichokes: 5 years<br /> * Arugula: 3 years<br /> * Beans: 3 years<br /> * Beets: 4 years<br /> * Broccoli: 3 years<br /> * Brussels Sprouts: 4 years<br /> * Cabbage: 4 years<br /> * Carrots: 3 years<br /> * Cauliflower: 4 years<br /> * Celery/Celeriac: 5 years<br /> * Chard: 4 years<br /> * Collards: 5 years<br /> * Corn: 2 years<br /> * Cress: 5 years<br /> * Cucumbers: 5 years<br /> * Eggplant: 4 years<br /> * Endive/Escarole: 5 years<br /> * Fennel: 4 years<br /> * Kale: 4 years<br /> * Kohlrabi: 4 years<br /> * Leeks: 1 year<br /> * Lettuce: 5 years<br /> * Melons: 5 years<br /> * Mustard: 4 years<br /> * Okra: 2 years<br /> * Onions: 1 year<br /> * Peas: 3 years<br /> * Peppers: 2 years<br /> * Pumpkins: 4 years<br /> * Radish: 5 years<br /> * Rutabagas: 4 years<br /> * Spinach: 2-3 years<br /> * Summer Squash: 4 years<br /> * Tomatoes: 4 years<br /> * Turnips: 5 years<br /> * Watermelon: 4 years<br /> * Winter Squash: 4 years<br /> <br /> ([https://www.highmowingseeds.com/blog/seed-viability-chart/ source])</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Eggs&diff=1493 Eggs 2020-01-01T23:00:23Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Preservation */</p> <hr /> <div>{{stub}}<br /> <br /> ==Preservation==<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUYgguMz1qI Top 6 Historical Egg Preservation Techniques] (video)<br /> * More info from [https://vintagerecipesandcookery.com/to-preserve-eggs-for-winter/ 1800s cookbooks]<br /> * Mythryn from [http://iceagefarmer.com/discord discord] verifies that they will kept fine in slaked lime water for 6-8 months<br /> <br /> ===Freeze Drying===<br /> * I&#039;ve usually used a blender then poured into the trays (already in machine, as moving trays full of liquid is asking for disaster). MC2112 @ [http://iceagefarmer.com/discord discord] mentions he just breaks them into the tray, which also affords the ability to separate out yolks/whites AFTER the cycle is run. Nice.</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Eggs&diff=1492 Eggs 2020-01-01T22:57:38Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Preservation */</p> <hr /> <div>{{stub}}<br /> <br /> ==Preservation==<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUYgguMz1qI Top 6 Historical Egg Preservation Techniques] (video)<br /> * More info from [https://vintagerecipesandcookery.com/to-preserve-eggs-for-winter/ 1800s cookbooks]<br /> * Mythryn from [http://iceagefarmer.com/discord discord] verifies that they will kept fine in slaked lime water for 6-8 months</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Eggs&diff=1491 Eggs 2020-01-01T22:56:42Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Preservation */</p> <hr /> <div>{{stub}}<br /> <br /> ==Preservation==<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUYgguMz1qI Top 6 Historical Egg Preservation Techniques] (video)<br /> * More info from [https://vintagerecipesandcookery.com/to-preserve-eggs-for-winter/ 1800s cookbooks]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Attack_on_Food&diff=1490 Attack on Food 2019-12-28T21:32:12Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Consumer Perception */</p> <hr /> <div>==Social Media: Precious Food==<br /> * [https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003570/viral-cherry-freedom-meme-critiques-chinas-cost-of-living China&#039;s &#039;Fruit Freedom&#039;]<br /> * [http://www.topanozo.com/shop/viral-pakistan-bride-wears-tomato-jewelryto-mock-countrys-economic-despair/ Pakistani &quot;Priceless Tomato&quot;] craze: brides wearing tomatoes as prices skyrocket<br /> * [https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9173341/onions-getting-more-and-more-valuable/ As Indian Onions become more valuable], memes and onion earrings appear<br /> <br /> ==Actually Genuine!==<br /> * [https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3042638/chinas-pork-crisis-local-banks-offer-meat-new-customers Chinese banks offer Pork to new depositors]<br /> <br /> ==Consumer Perception==<br /> * [http://www.soylent.com Soylent]<br /> * Cockroach Milk<br /> * [https://apal.org.au/hailstorm-heroes-rise-south-australia/ Hailstorm Heroes]: damaged but still delicious<br /> <br /> ==GMO==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food Contraceptive Corn] produces spermicide -- 2001. Unbelievable</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Attack_on_Food&diff=1489 Attack on Food 2019-12-28T21:25:03Z <p>Iceagefarmer: /* Social Media: Precious Food */</p> <hr /> <div>==Social Media: Precious Food==<br /> * [https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003570/viral-cherry-freedom-meme-critiques-chinas-cost-of-living China&#039;s &#039;Fruit Freedom&#039;]<br /> * [http://www.topanozo.com/shop/viral-pakistan-bride-wears-tomato-jewelryto-mock-countrys-economic-despair/ Pakistani &quot;Priceless Tomato&quot;] craze: brides wearing tomatoes as prices skyrocket<br /> * [https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9173341/onions-getting-more-and-more-valuable/ As Indian Onions become more valuable], memes and onion earrings appear<br /> <br /> ==Actually Genuine!==<br /> * [https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3042638/chinas-pork-crisis-local-banks-offer-meat-new-customers Chinese banks offer Pork to new depositors]<br /> <br /> ==Consumer Perception==<br /> * [http://www.soylent.com Soylent]<br /> * Cockroach Milk<br /> * [https://apal.org.au/hailstorm-heroes-rise-south-australia/ Hailstorm Heroes]: damaged but still delicious<br /> * <br /> <br /> ==GMO==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food Contraceptive Corn] produces spermicide -- 2001. Unbelievable</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Sweet_Potato&diff=1488 Sweet Potato 2019-12-28T07:01:08Z <p>Iceagefarmer: </p> <hr /> <div>Eat greens all season, then harvest a tastey and nutritious tuber that stores well. What&#039;s not to love about this plant? And indeed, it&#039;s been a staple of many cultures for a long time.<br /> <br /> ==Harvesting==<br /> *You must cure sweet potatoes or they will not have that delicious, sweet taste. <br /> *Curing the potatoes allows a second skin to form over scratches and bruises that occur when digging up the potatoes.<br /> * To cure, keep the roots in a warm place (about 80°F/27°C) at high humidity (about 90%) for 10 to 14 days. A table outside in a shady spot works well. For best curing, make sure that the potatoes are not touching one another.<br /> *After curing, throw out any bruised potatoes, and then wrap each one in newspaper and pack them carefully in a wooden box or basket. Store the sweet potatoes in a root cellar, basement, or other place with a temperature of at least 55°F/13°C. <br /> *If stored at a temperature range of 55–60°F (13–15.5°C) with high humidity, the tubers should last for about 6 months. When removing the potatoes from storage, remember to be gentle; do not dig around or else you will bruise the potatoes.<br /> <br /> ==Canning==<br /> In 1930, the Ball Blue Book advised that “some of the best varieties for canning are the Nancy Hall, Triumph and Southern Queen.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> * [http://cipotato.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/AN28852.pdf Interesting study on ancient potato &amp; sweet potato in South America]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Crops]]<br /> [[Category:Calorie Crops]]<br /> [[Category:Tuber]]</div> Iceagefarmer https://wiki.iceagefarmer.com/index.php?title=Yam&diff=1487 Yam 2019-12-28T07:00:42Z <p>Iceagefarmer: Redirected page to Sweet Potato</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Sweet_Potato]]</div> Iceagefarmer